My kitchen: March 2025

Monday, March 31, 2025

aroma

12 Aromatic herbs that are easy to reproduce from cuttings (stems)

1. Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

• Cuttings: 7-10 cm long, cut at a 45 degree angle.

• Preparation: Remove the lower leaves and cut the large upper leaves to a third of their size.

• Cultivation: Plant in a mixture of sand and compost, keep in a place with good air circulation and avoid direct sun.

• Rooting: In 2-3 weeks, transplant when roots develop.

2. Mint (Mentha)

• Cuttings: 10-15 cm in length.

• Preparation: Remove the lower leaves and plant in any type of soil.

• Cultivation: Grows well in containers to avoid its invasive nature.

• Rooting: 1-2 weeks.

3. Oregano (Origanum vulgare)

• Cuttings: 5-10 cm long, cut at a 45 degree angle.

• Preparation: Delete all sets of sheets except the top ones.

• Cultivation: Use natural rooting hormone, keep in a bright place without direct sun.

• Rooting: 4 weeks.

4. Thyme (Thymus)

• Cuttings: Take at a node from the point where the leaves grow.

• Preparation: Remove the lower leaves, plant in moist soil.

• Cultivation: Keep away from direct sunlight.

• Rooting: 2-4 weeks.

5. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana)

• Cuttings: Root in water or in a moist seedbed.

• Cultivation: Keep the cuttings moist and exposed to light.

• Rooting: 2-3 weeks.

6. Lavender (Lavandula)

• Cuttings: 5-15 cm long, cut just below a leaf node.

• Preparation: Remove leaves from the lower half, remove skin from one side of the stem.

• Cultivation: Plant in growing medium, cover with plastic to create a greenhouse environment.

• Rooting: 2-4 weeks.

7. Marjoram (Origanum majorana)

• Cuttings: Stem tip of at least 5 cm.

• Preparation: Leave the top leaves, eliminate the rest.

• Cultivation: Plant in late summer or early spring.

• Rooting: Fast and effective.

8. Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)

• Cuttings: 5-10 cm in length.

• Preparation: Remove the lower leaves, root in water.

• Rooting: A few weeks.

9. Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus)

• Cuttings: 10-15 cm in length.

• Preparation: Remove the lower leaves, root in water.

• Cultivation: Keep water fresh.

• Rooting: Several weeks.

10. Sage (Salvia officinalis)

• Cuttings: Root in water or soil.

• Preparation: Use rooting hormone if planted in soil.

• Rooting: 2 weeks.

11. Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)

• Cuttings: 10-15 cm in length.

• Preparation: Remove the lower third of the leaves, use rooting hormone.

• Cultivation: Keep the soil moist.

• Rooting: Move to the outside garden in spring.

12. Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)

• Cuttings: Root in water or moist soil.

• Preparation: Use peat mixed with perlite or vermiculite.

• Rooting: Change water regularly if using water.

Each of these herbs can be easily propagated through cuttings, allowing you to enjoy an aromatic and productive garden with minimal effort.

Sunday, March 30, 2025

Gardening Soul

16 Vegetables That Love the Shade

by Linda Parker March 30, 2025

When most people think of growing vegetables, they assume they need a garden bathed in full sunlight.

While it’s true that many vegetables prefer 6 to 8 hours of direct sun, there are plenty of crops that grow well—even thrive—in partial shade.

If your garden only gets morning sun, dappled light through trees, or sits in the shadow of a fence or building, you can still grow an abundant harvest.

This guide will walk you through 16 of the best vegetables to grow in shady gardens, including how much light they need, how to grow them successfully, and expert tips for getting the most from your low-light garden.

Understanding Shade: What Counts as Enough Light?

Before planting, it’s important to assess how much sunlight your garden actually gets.

Here’s a quick breakdown of common light conditions:

Full Sun: 6 to 8+ hours of direct sunlight per day

Partial Shade: 3 to 6 hours of direct sun (often morning sun)

Dappled Shade: Filtered sunlight through trees or a pergola

Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sun

Most vegetables that tolerate shade still need at least 3 hours of sunlight, ideally in the morning or early afternoon. Very few food plants grow well in deep shade.

1. Spinach

Spinach is one of the most shade-tolerant leafy greens. It thrives in cool temperatures and tends to bolt (go to seed) when exposed to too much heat or sun.

In a shady garden, spinach grows more slowly but remains tender and productive.

Light requirements: 3 to 5 hours of sunlight or dappled shade

Soil: Well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with compost

Planting: Sow seeds directly in early spring; thin to 4 inches apart

Harvest: 30 to 45 days for mature leaves; 20 days for baby leaves

Tip: Harvest outer leaves regularly to extend productivity

2. Lettuce

Lettuce prefers cooler temperatures and actually performs better in partial shade during warm weather. The lower light slows down bolting and preserves the crispness of the leaves.

Light requirements: 3 to 4 hours of sunlight

Soil: Moist, well-drained soil with high organic content

Planting: Sow seeds in rows; thin seedlings to 6 inches apart

Harvest: 30 to 60 days depending on variety

Tip: Opt for loose-leaf or romaine varieties for continuous harvesting

3. Arugula

This fast-growing leafy green has a spicy, peppery flavor and grows exceptionally well in cooler, partially shaded spots. It matures quickly and can be cut multiple times.

Light requirements: 3 to 4 hours of sunlight

Soil: Fertile, well-drained soil; prefers cooler temps

Planting: Sow directly; thin to 4 inches apart

Harvest: 20 to 30 days

Tip: Harvest young leaves to keep flavor milder

4. Kale

Kale is cold-hardy and shade-tolerant, making it an ideal choice for less sunny areas. In cooler, shadier environments, kale leaves stay tender and sweet longer into the season.

Light requirements: 4 to 5 hours of sunlight

Soil: Fertile, well-drained, slightly acidic soil

Planting: Start from seed or transplant; space plants 12 to 18 inches apart

Harvest: 50 to 70 days; harvest outer leaves as needed

Tip: Avoid letting kale bolt by providing consistent moisture and cool conditions

5. Swiss Chard

Swiss chard is a colorful, nutrient-rich leafy green that performs well in partial shade. It’s a cut-and-come-again plant, so one sowing can provide months of harvest.

Light requirements: 4 to 6 hours of sunlight

Soil: Rich, loamy soil with good drainage

Planting: Sow seeds or transplant; space 8 to 10 inches apart

Harvest: 50 to 60 days; harvest outer leaves regularly

Tip: Even if stalks are large, the leaves remain tender

6. Mustard Greens

These fast-growing greens are known for their spicy flavor, which becomes milder when grown in shade. They thrive in spring and fall and tolerate lower light levels well.

Light requirements: 3 to 4 hours

Soil: Moist, well-drained soil

Planting: Sow seeds directly; thin to 6 inches apart

Harvest: 30 to 40 days

Tip: Cut younger leaves for salads; older leaves are better cooked

7. Bok Choy (Pak Choi)

This cool-season Asian vegetable is one of the best crops for spring or fall in partially shaded areas. It grows quickly and has a mild flavor.

Light requirements: 3 to 5 hours

Soil: Moist, fertile, well-draining soil

Planting: Sow seeds or transplant; space 6 to 8 inches apart

Harvest: 30 to 45 days

Tip: Water consistently to avoid bolting

8. Cabbage

While cabbage prefers full sun, it still performs well in partial shade, especially in warmer climates. The shade slows bolting and helps maintain firm heads.

Light requirements: 4 to 5 hours

Soil: Fertile, well-drained soil rich in organic matter

Planting: Transplant seedlings; space 12 to 18 inches apart

Harvest: 70 to 90 days depending on variety

Tip: Protect young plants from cabbage worms with row covers

9. Broccoli

Broccoli heads develop best in cool, partially shaded conditions. Shading prevents premature bolting and helps heads form more slowly and densely.

Light requirements: 4 to 6 hours

Soil: Rich, well-drained soil with compost

Planting: Transplant seedlings; space 18 inches apart

Harvest: 60 to 90 days

Tip: After harvesting the main head, side shoots may continue to grow

10. Cauliflower

Like broccoli, cauliflower prefers cooler conditions and is more sensitive to heat. Partial shade protects it and improves the quality of the curds.

Light requirements: 4 to 5 hours

Soil: Loose, well-drained soil with added compost

Planting: Transplant seedlings; space 18 to 24 inches apart

Harvest: 70 to 90 days

Tip: Tie the outer leaves over the head to keep it white and tender

11. Peas

Peas are a cool-season crop that benefits from shade in late spring and summer. They will produce well with just a few hours of light each day.

Light requirements: 4 to 6 hours

Soil: Well-drained, loamy soil

Planting: Sow seeds directly; space 2 inches apart

Harvest: 55 to 70 days

Tip: Use a trellis to improve airflow and reduce disease

12. Celery

Celery is a moisture-loving plant that appreciates cooler, shaded environments. It’s a slow grower but well worth the wait.

Light requirements: 3 to 5 hours

Soil: Fertile, moisture-retentive soil with compost

Planting: Start indoors and transplant; space 10 inches apart

Harvest: 100 to 120 days

Tip: Keep soil constantly moist to prevent stringy stalks

13. Leeks

Leeks are long-season vegetables that do well in partial shade. They grow slowly but develop beautifully in cooler, low-light spots.

Light requirements: 3 to 5 hours

Soil: Loose, rich soil with consistent moisture

Planting: Transplant seedlings; space 6 inches apart

Harvest: 90 to 120 days

Tip: Hill soil around stems as they grow for longer white shanks

14. Green Onions (Scallions)

Scallions are compact and shade-tolerant, ideal for containers or tight garden spots with less sun.

Light requirements: 3 to 4 hours

Soil: Well-drained, fertile soil

Planting: Sow directly or transplant; space 1 to 2 inches apart

Harvest: 30 to 45 days

Tip: Regrow from trimmed bases to extend harvest

15. Radishes

Radishes grow quickly and tolerate some shade, especially in early spring or fall. They’re great for interplanting with other shade-loving crops.

Light requirements: 4 to 5 hours

Soil: Light, loose soil for proper root formation

Planting: Sow seeds directly; thin to 2 inches apart

Harvest: 25 to 35 days

Tip: Harvest promptly to avoid woody or spicy roots

16. Beets

Beets are grown for both their greens and their roots, and they tolerate partial shade well. Growth will be slower in shade but still productive.

Light requirements: 3 to 5 hours

Soil: Deep, fertile soil free of rocks

Planting: Sow seeds directly; thin to 3 to 4 inches apart

Harvest: 50 to 70 days

Tip: Harvest greens early while letting roots mature

While a full-sun garden offers the broadest range of vegetable choices, a shaded garden can be surprisingly productive if you choose the right crops.

By focusing on leafy greens, root vegetables, and cool-season favorites, you can grow a healthy, thriving garden even with limited sunlight.

With proper soil preparation, regular watering, and smart plant choices, your shady garden can become a hidden gem of productivity and flavor.

Turn Scraps into Greens: 12 Vegetables You Can Regrow at Home

by Linda Parker October 28, 2024

Imagine turning kitchen waste into fresh produce – it’s not only possible but surprisingly simple!

With just a bit of care, many common vegetables can regrow from scraps, giving you a sustainable and cost-effective way to reduce food waste and enjoy a supply of fresh greens and herbs at home.

Whether you’re working with a small garden or just a windowsill, these vegetables will grow happily with minimal space and effort.

Let’s dive into 12 vegetables you can regrow from scraps and how to nurture them into thriving plants.

1. Lettuce

Lettuce is one of the easiest veggies to grow from leftover scraps. Place the base of a lettuce head in a shallow dish of water and watch new leaves sprout in just a few days!

How to Grow: Place in a sunny spot and change the water every few days. Once roots develop, transplant into soil.

2. Green Onions (Scallions)

Scallions are perfect for regrowing indoors. Simply place the white roots of scallions in water and they’ll start growing new green tops almost immediately.

How to Grow: Keep the jar in a sunny windowsill, and trim the greens as needed.

3. Celery

Don’t toss that celery base! Place it in water, and within a few days, new leaves will appear from the center.

How to Grow: Once roots form, plant the base in soil for a fuller plant.

4. Garlic

If you have garlic cloves sprouting, don’t throw them away! Plant the sprouting cloves in soil, and you’ll soon have fresh garlic greens.

How to Grow: Garlic prefers full sun and well-drained soil. You can also grow garlic greens for cooking.

5. Potatoes

Leftover potatoes with “eyes” can be used to grow new plants. Each sprouting eye will eventually turn into a new potato plant.

How to Grow: Cut the potato into chunks, leaving an eye on each piece. Plant them in soil and water regularly.

6. Ginger

Ginger is incredibly easy to regrow from scraps. Simply place a piece of ginger root with buds facing up in soil, and it will grow into a new plant.

How to Grow: Keep the soil moist and place the pot in indirect light. In a few months, you’ll have fresh ginger!

7. Carrot Tops

While you can’t regrow full carrots, the tops will sprout greens that are perfect for salads or garnishes.

How to Grow: Place the tops in a shallow dish of water and watch the greens grow.

8. Basil

Basil stems can regrow into new plants when placed in water. Cut a few inches off a healthy basil stem and remove the lower leaves.

How to Grow: Once roots form, transplant into soil and enjoy continuous basil all season long.

9. Romaine Lettuce

Like regular lettuce, romaine lettuce can be regrown from the base. Place it in water, and within a week, you’ll see new leaves emerging.

How to Grow: Transfer it to soil for more robust growth.

10. Sweet Potatoes

Sweet potatoes are excellent for regrowing from scraps. Place a half-cut sweet potato in water, and it will soon sprout new shoots called slips.

How to Grow: Once the slips grow, detach them and plant them in soil.

11. Leeks

Similar to green onions, leeks can be regrown by placing the white base in water. They’ll grow new green tops within a few days.

How to Grow: Plant them in soil once roots form for continuous harvests.

12. Peppers

You can use the seeds from store-bought peppers to grow new plants. Just dry the seeds and plant them in soil.

How to Grow: Keep the pot in a warm, sunny spot, and water regularly. Soon, you’ll have your own pepper plants.

How to Care for Your Regrowing Vegetables

Light: Most of these vegetables need a sunny windowsill or grow light to thrive.

Water: Change water every 2-3 days to prevent rot and bacteria buildup.

Soil Transplant: Some vegetables do best when transferred to soil after sprouting roots in water.

Patience: Growth may vary based on temperature and light availability, so be patient with your regrowing veggies!

Why Grow Vegetables from Scraps?

Reduces Food Waste: Turn kitchen scraps into fresh produce.

Saves Money: Enjoy free vegetables without buying new plants.

Eco-Friendly: Growing your own food reduces your carbon footprint.

Fun and Rewarding: Watch your plants grow and thrive from what was once considered waste.

Is it possible to grow vegetables from scraps? Fact or fiction? 🌱

The good news is – it’s absolutely possible! Many common veggies can regrow from leftover bits you’d normally toss, giving them a second life. With just a little water, light, and patience, you can turn kitchen scraps into fresh produce right at home.

Whether you’re short on space or looking for a sustainable way to reduce waste, regrowing veggies from scraps is easy, rewarding, and eco-friendly.

A Sustainable Way to Grow Your Own Food

Growing vegetables from scraps is an easy and enjoyable way to reduce waste, save money, and add some greenery to your home.

Whether you’re starting with lettuce, garlic, or ginger, these plants are easy to nurture and provide delicious rewards.

Try regrowing a few of these vegetables, and you’ll soon find yourself with a flourishing indoor garden!

Gardening Soul

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Wednesday, March 26, 2025

🌿 Guide to Identifying Nutritional Deficiencies in Plants 🌱

The leaves of your plants can be a reflection of their health. If you notice changes in color, shape, or texture, they may be suffering from some nutritional deficiency. Here’s a quick guide to identify the problem based on symptoms:

Common Deficiencies:

1️⃣ Phosphorus (P):

- Leaves with reddish or purplish tones.

- Delayed growth.

2️⃣ Magnesium (Mg):

- Yellowing between the veins of older leaves.

- Mottled appearance.

3️⃣ Potassium (K):

- Brown or burnt edges on leaves.

- Loss of vigor in plants.

4️⃣ Nitrogen (N):

- General yellowing, especially in older leaves.

- Slow growth.

5️⃣ Manganese (Mn):

- Yellowing with dark spots between the veins.

- Mottled appearance on young leaves.

6️⃣ Iron (Fe):

- New leaves with yellowing but green veins.

- Symptoms at the top of the plant.

7️⃣ Zinc (Zn):

- Small and deformed leaves.

- Yellowish color between the veins.

8️⃣ Boron (B):

- Deformed leaves and irregular growth.

- Dry or blackened leaf tips.

9️⃣ Calcium (Ca):

- Young leaves with yellow or brown edges.

- Stunted growth.

How to Fix It:

- Balanced fertilization: Make sure to use fertilizers that contain essential micronutrients.

- Soil improvement: Test the soil pH, as an inadequate level can hinder nutrient absorption.

- Proper watering: Excess or lack of water can interfere with plant nutrition.

🌟 Remember: Constant observation is key to keeping your plants healthy. A small adjustment in their care can make a difference.

pickle Masala

Here's a flavorful Red Chilli Pickle Masala Powder recipe with ginger and garlic. This masala can be used to make spicy red chilli pickles or enhance other pickles.

Ingredients

1 cup mustard seeds (split or yellow preferred)

2 tbsp fenugreek seeds (methi)

2 tbsp fennel seeds (saunf)

1 tbsp cumin seeds

½ tbsp carom seeds (ajwain)

2 tbsp coriander seeds

10–12 dried red chilies (for extra heat, optional)

2 tbsp turmeric powder

2 tbsp red chili powder

2 tbsp salt (adjust to taste)

1 tbsp asafoetida (hing)

2 tbsp jaggery or sugar (optional, for balance)

1 tbsp black salt (optional)

For Ginger-Garlic Paste

¼ cup garlic cloves (peeled)

¼ cup ginger (chopped)

¼ cup mustard oil (or any pickle oil)

2 tbsp vinegar or lemon juice (for preservation)

Method

Step 1: Dry Roasting the Spices

Heat a pan on low flame and dry roast mustard seeds, fenugreek seeds, fennel seeds, cumin, carom, coriander seeds, and dried red chilies until aromatic.

Let them cool completely and grind into a coarse or fine powder, as per preference.

Step 2: Preparing Ginger-Garlic Paste

Grind ginger and garlic into a paste using mustard oil and vinegar/lemon juice.

Step 3: Mixing the Masala

In a mixing bowl, combine the ground spice mix with turmeric, red chili powder, salt, black salt, asafoetida, and jaggery (if using).

Add the ginger-garlic paste and mix well.

Step 4: Storing

Store the masala in an airtight container in the refrigerator for longer shelf life.

Use this masala for making red chilli pickles or enhancing other pickles.

Understanding and Organizing Polycultures for Sustainable Farming

Polyculture farming, an agricultural approach that involves growing multiple plant species together, has gained recognition for its ability to enhance biodiversity, improve soil health, and increase resilience against pests and diseases. However, managing polycultures effectively requires a structured approach. This article explores the importance of organizing polycultures and categorizing them into three main groups: Production Polycultures, Support Polycultures, and Infrastructure Polycultures.

The Need for Organizing Polycultures

Polyculture farming is inherently complex due to the diverse plant interactions involved. Without proper organization, farmers may struggle with issues such as:

Competition between plants for nutrients and sunlight.

Inefficient use of resources.

Difficulty in maintaining productivity and sustainability.

To address these challenges, a three-category system is used to classify polycultures based on their primary function:

Production Polycultures – Focused on maximizing crop yields.

Support Polycultures – Enhance soil fertility, control pests, and improve crop growth.

Infrastructure Polycultures – Serve as protective elements for the farm environment.

1. Production Polycultures: Maximizing Yield

This category includes plant combinations designed primarily for food, fodder, or cash crop production. These systems aim to optimize space and resource use while ensuring high productivity.

Examples of Production Polycultures:

Intercropping: Growing two or more crops together, such as maize and beans, to utilize different soil layers and reduce pest pressure.

Agroforestry: Integrating trees with crops or livestock to enhance productivity and soil conservation.

Crop Rotation & Relay Planting: Using staggered planting cycles to maintain soil health and reduce diseas

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Trench Composting: The English Method for Sustainable Soil Enrichment

Composting is one of the most effective ways to recycle organic waste and improve soil health. Among the various composting methods, trench composting, particularly The English Method, stands out as an easy, low-maintenance, and nutrient-rich solution for home gardeners. This method utilizes a three-year cycle to enhance soil fertility while efficiently managing waste.

What is Trench Composting?

Trench composting is a process of burying organic waste directly in the soil to decompose naturally. Unlike traditional compost piles, trench composting does not require turning, aeration, or additional maintenance. It involves digging a trench, filling it with biodegradable waste, covering it with soil, and allowing microbes and worms to break down the materials over time.

The English Method: A Three-Year Composting Cycle

The English Method of trench composting is a structured approach that ensures continuous soil improvement without disrupting plant growth. It follows a three-year rotation system involving three key zones:

Compost Trench: A designated section where organic waste is buried to decompose.

Planting Area: The section where crops are grown, benefiting from nutrients released by the decomposed waste.

Pathway: A walking space to access the plants and trenches.

Yearly Process:

Year 1: Dig a compost trench in one section and fill it with food scraps and garden waste. Cover it with soil. Meanwhile, plant crops in the adjacent section, and leave the third section as a path.

Year 2: Move the compost trench to the previous pathway, plant crops in the area that was composted the previous year, and shift the pathway to the first year's planting area.

Year 3: Shift the compost trench again, following the rotation pattern. This ensures that every section of soil gets enriched over time.

Benefits of the English Method in Trench Composting

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How to Build a Lasagna Garden Bed

Building a lasagna garden bed, also known as sheet composting, is an easy and eco-friendly way to create a fertile growing space. Follow these simple steps to set up your garden bed:

1. Choose the Location

Select a sunny area that suits the needs of the plants you plan to grow. Ensure the spot gets enough sunlight for healthy plant growth.

2. Prepare the Site

Clear the area of large debris, such as rocks or branches. You can leave grass and smaller plants in place, as they will decompose naturally.

3. Lay a Weed Barrier

Cover the ground with a layer of cardboard or several sheets of wet newspaper. Overlap the edges to block weeds effectively.

4. Add Brown Materials

Create the first layer using "brown" materials like dry leaves, straw, or shredded newspaper. These carbon-rich materials form the base of your bed.

5. Add Green Materials

Follow the brown layer with a "green" layer, such as grass clippings, kitchen scraps (vegetable peels, fruit scraps), or manure. These nitrogen-rich materials help kick-start decomposition.

6. Layer Compost

Spread a thin layer of compost over the green materials to introduce beneficial microorganisms that aid in breaking down the layers.

7. Repeat the Layers

Continue alternating layers of brown and green materials. Aim to make each layer a few inches thick, finishing the top with a layer of compost.

8. Water the Layers

Moisten each layer as you build the bed to encourage decomposition. The materials should be damp, like a wrung-out sponge, but not soggy.

9. Allow Time for Decomposition

Let the bed sit for several months to allow the materials to break down into rich, fertile soil. During this time, the layers will settle and transform into a nutrient-rich growing medium.

10. Plant Your Garden

Once the materials have fully decomposed, you can plant directly into the bed. Add seedlings or seeds, and enjoy the benefits of your homemade garden bed!

By following these steps, you can create a low-maintenance, productive garden bed that

recycles organic waste while providing a healthy

foundation for your plants.

Via: The Unique TonyaLe

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Tuesday, March 25, 2025

Turn Cuttings Into Thriving Plants with These Garden Secrets! 🌱

Looking for ways to grow your garden with ease? These natural methods will have your cuttings sprouting roots in no time!

Cinnamon Boost 🌰

Dip the end of your cutting in cinnamon powder before planting.

Cinnamon is a natural antifungal agent that protects against rot and stimulates root growth.

Aloe Vera Assist 🌵

Dip cuttings in fresh aloe vera gel before planting.

Aloe vera nourishes the cutting and boosts root development with its natural enzymes.

Banana Peel Brew 🍌

Soak banana peels in water for 24 hours to create a nutrient-rich solution.

Use this mixture to water your cuttings for added potassium and rooting success.

Planting Reminder: Handle cuttings gently and keep them in moist, well-drained soil for the best results!

Give these tricks a try and enjoy a thriving garden!

Monday, March 24, 2025

Here are the recipes for Achar Masala, Chai Masala, Sabji Masala, and Garam Masala:

*Achar Masala Recipe (Pickle Spice Blend)*

Ingredients:

- 2 tablespoons fenugreek seeds (methi dana)

- 2 tablespoons fennel seeds (saunf)

- 1 tablespoon nigella seeds (kalonji)

- 2 tablespoons mustard seeds (rai)

- 1/2 teaspoon asafoetida (hing)

- 2 tablespoons red chili powder

- 1 tablespoon turmeric powder

- 2 tablespoons coriander powder

- 1 teaspoon garam masala (optional)

- Salt, to taste

Instructions:

1. Dry roast fenugreek seeds, fennel seeds, nigella seeds, and mustard seeds until fragrant.

2. Grind the roasted spices into a fine powder.

3. Mix in asafoetida, red chili powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder, garam masala (if using), and salt.

4. Store in an airtight container.

*Chai Masala Recipe (Tea Spice Blend)*

Ingredients:

- 2 tablespoons cinnamon sticks

- 1 tablespoon green cardamom pods

- 1 tablespoon cloves

- 1 tablespoon black peppercorns

- 1/2 teaspoon ginger powder

- 1/2 teaspoon nutmeg powder

Instructions:

1. Dry roast cinnamon sticks, green cardamom pods, cloves, and black peppercorns until fragrant.

2. Grind the roasted spices into a fine powder.

3. Mix in ginger powder and nutmeg powder.

4. Store in an airtight container.

*Sabji Masala Recipe (Vegetable Spice Blend)*

Ingredients:

- 2 tablespoons coriander seeds

- 1 tablespoon cumin seeds

- 1 tablespoon fennel seeds

- 1/2 teaspoon turmeric powder

- 1/2 teaspoon red chili powder

- 1/2 teaspoon garam masala powder

- 1/2 teaspoon amchur powder (dried mango powder)

- Salt, to taste

Instructions:

1. Dry roast coriander seeds, cumin seeds, and fennel seeds until fragrant.

2. Grind the roasted spices into a fine powder.

3. Mix in turmeric powder, red chili powder, garam masala powder, amchur powder, and salt.

4. Store in an airtight container.

*Garam Masala Recipe (Warm Spice Blend)*

Ingredients:

- 2 tablespoons cinnamon sticks

- 1 tablespoon green cardamom pods

- 1 tablespoon cloves

- 1 tablespoon black peppercorns

- 1/2 teaspoon cumin seeds

- 1/2 teaspoon coriander seeds

Instructions:

1. Dry roast cinnamon sticks, green cardamom pods, cloves, and black peppercorns until fragrant.

2. Grind the roasted spices into a fine powder.

3. Mix in cumin seeds and coriander seeds.

4. Store in an airtight container.

Note: You can adjust the proportions of the spices according to your personal preferences.

Role of microorganisms in ecological succession

Microorganisms drive ecological succession by shaping soil structure, nutrient cycles, and plant community dynamics over time.

In cultivated soils, microbial communities are dominated by fast-growing, copiotrophic bacteria and fungi that thrive on readily available organic matter from crop residues and fertilizers.

✔ As agricultural activity declines, soil microbial diversity increases, favoring decomposers and nitrogen-fixing bacteria that enhance soil organic matter accumulation and fertility.

✔ In early successional stages, pioneer plants establish symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere bacteria, accelerating nutrient availability and stabilizing soil.

Over time, fungal dominance increases, with saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi playing a key role in decomposing complex organic compounds and supporting perennial plant colonization.

In grasslands and transitional woodlands, microbial communities shift to favor lignin-degrading fungi and actinobacteria, which facilitate the breakdown of woody materials and promote deeper root systems.

In mature boreal forests, slow-growing, oligotrophic microorganisms dominate, relying on recalcitrant organic matter and forming complex networks with trees through ectomycorrhizal associations.

As succession progresses, microbial-driven processes regulate carbon sequestration, soil acidification, and nutrient retention, shaping the long-term stability and resilience of the ecosystem.

Image: following stages of ecological succession / soil cores demonstrating the development of a litter and humus layer on sandy soil in regenerating boreal forest after clearance for agriculture (credits: Beth Evans).

Source/Credits: Michal Slota

#soil #agriculture

Sunday, March 23, 2025

WORKS LIKE MAGIC

DEWORM ALL ANIMALS THIS WAY WITH PAWPAW/PAPAYA SEEDS, LEAVES .

Worm can cause your animals productivity to be reduced.

Pawpaw seeds are not only effective for deworming chickens but also provide essential nutrients that promote weight gain, enhanced feed efficiency, increased egg weight, and improved egg production. Here’s a detailed guide on how to use pawpaw seeds for your poultry and other animals.

Procedure for Chickens

1. Collect Pawpaw Seeds:

- Gather pawpaw seeds from ripe pawpaw fruit.

2. Sun-Dry the Seeds:

- Spread the seeds out in a single layer on a clean surface and let them dry in the sun for a few days until they are completely dry.

3. Grind the Seeds:

- Use a mortar and pestle or a grinder to crush the dried seeds into a fine powder. Make sure the grinding process is hygienic.

4. Add to Drinking Water:

- Mix the pawpaw seed powder into the chickens' drinking water. The recommended amount is about one tablespoon of the powder per liter of water.

- Ensure the water is clean and fresh, and replace it daily.

Benefits

- Deworms the chickens naturally.

- Enhances weight gain and feed efficiency.

- Improves egg weight and production.

Lincoln Mwenda

Most folks really have no idea

Holly Owens

Contributing Writer

Snake plants, also known as Sansevieria or Dracaena trifasciata, are popular houseplants appreciated for their hardiness and striking foliage. While many people grow snake plants for their architectural leaves, few realize that these resilient plants can also produce flowers. However, getting a snake plant to bloom is a rare and rewarding experience that requires understanding and patience. This article will guide you through the steps necessary to encourage your snake plant to produce its elusive blooms.

Understanding the Natural Habitat of Snake Plants

Snake plants are native to the tropical regions of West Africa, where they thrive in dry, rocky environments. In their natural habitat, they are accustomed to periods of drought followed by heavy rains. This natural cycle influences their growth patterns and blooming potential. By mimicking these conditions in your home, you can create an environment that encourages your snake plant to flower.

Factors Influencing Snake Plant Blooming

Several factors influence whether a snake plant will bloom, including light, temperature, water, nutrients, and potting conditions. Understanding these factors and how they interact is crucial for encouraging blooms. Snake plants typically bloom when they are slightly stressed, which can be achieved by adjusting these environmental conditions carefully.

Optimal Light Conditions for Encouraging Blooms

Snake plants prefer bright, indirect light to thrive, but they can also tolerate low light conditions. To encourage blooming, however, it's best to provide them with a few hours of direct sunlight each day. This increased light exposure can stimulate the plant to produce flowers as it mimics the brighter conditions of their natural habitat during certain seasons.

The Role of Temperature in Snake Plant Flowering

Temperature plays a significant role in the blooming process of snake plants. They prefer warm temperatures during the day, around 70-90°F (21-32°C), and cooler temperatures at night. This fluctuation mimics their natural environment and can trigger the blooming process. Avoid exposing them to temperatures below 50°F (10°C), as this can stress the plant and hinder blooming.

Watering Techniques to Promote Flowering

Proper watering is essential for encouraging snake plants to bloom. These plants are drought-tolerant and prefer to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot and prevent blooming. To promote flowering, allow the soil to dry completely before watering again. During the growing season, you can slightly increase the frequency of watering to mimic the natural rainy season.

Nutrient Requirements for Blooming Snake Plants

While snake plants are not heavy feeders, providing them with the right nutrients can support blooming. Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the growing season to supply essential nutrients. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to salt buildup in the soil, which can harm the plant and inhibit blooming.

The Importance of Proper Potting and Soil

The right potting conditions are crucial for a snake plant's health and blooming potential. Use a well-draining soil mix, such as a cactus or succulent mix, to prevent waterlogging. Ensure the pot has drainage holes to allow excess water to escape. Repotting every few years can also help refresh the soil and provide the plant with more space to grow, which can encourage blooming.

Identifying and Addressing Common Issues

Common issues that can prevent snake plants from blooming include overwatering, insufficient light, and nutrient deficiencies. Pests like spider mites and mealybugs can also stress the plant and hinder blooming. Regularly inspect your plant for signs of distress and address any issues promptly to maintain its health and blooming potential.

Signs That Your Snake Plant Is Ready to Bloom

When a snake plant is ready to bloom, you may notice a tall flower stalk emerging from the center of the plant. The flowers are typically small, white, and fragrant, often opening in the evening. Other signs include increased growth and a healthy appearance, indicating that the plant is thriving under the current conditions.

Caring for Your Snake Plant During the Blooming Phase

Once your snake plant begins to bloom, continue providing it with optimal care. Maintain consistent light, temperature, and watering conditions to support the flowering process. Avoid moving the plant or changing its environment drastically, as this can cause stress and potentially halt blooming.

Conclusion: Patience and Persistence in Achieving Blooms

Encouraging a snake plant to bloom requires patience and attention to detail. By understanding the plant's natural habitat and adjusting its care accordingly, you can create the ideal conditions for flowering. Remember that blooming is a rare event for snake plants, and even with the best care, it may take several years for your plant to produce flowers. However, the reward of seeing your snake plant in bloom is well worth the effort.

White vinegar isn't just used for cooking. Here are 10 clever reasons to use it in the garden

By Lillian Teague

If you eat oatmeal everyday, this is what happens to your body

By Jessica Jacobs

Saturday, March 22, 2025

truth

THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA ADMITS THE TRUTH BEHIND CHRISTIANITY

Christianity as we have it today is not a form of spirituality but a prison cage born in Babylon. It is a rebranded paganism. The Catholic Encyclopedia have much to Say concerning this Religion of the Heathens:

“It was British-born Flavius Constantinus (Constantine, originally Custennyn or Custennin) (272-337) who authorised the compilation of the writings now called the New Testament. After the death of his father in 306, Constantine became King of Britain, Gaul and Spain, and then, after a series of victorious battles, Emperor of the Roman Empire. Christian historians give little or no hint of the turmoil of the times and suspend Constantine in the air, free of all human events happening around him.

In truth, one of Constantine's main problems was the uncontrollable disorder amongst presbyters and their belief in numerous gods. The majority of modern-day Christian writers suppress the truth about the development of their religion and conceal Constantine's efforts to curb the disreputable character of the presbyters who are now called "Church Fathers". (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. xiv, pp. 370-1).

There it is, plain admission from the “source of Christianity” the Catholic Church that the very “Church Fathers” invited to the Council of Nicaea were not men of Yahuah but disreputable pagan priests or “presbyters” who worshipped many different gods. So “who were” these preachers running around the Roman Empire dreaming up all kinds of various “gods” to worship that today’s Christian Church considers “fathers of their faith”? Below is how they were described…

"...the most rustic fellows, teaching strange paradoxes. They openly declared that none but the ignorant was fit to hear their discourses ... they never appeared in the circles of the wiser and better sort, but always took care to intrude themselves among the ignorant and uncultured, rambling around to play tricks at fairs and markets ... they lard their lean books with the fat of old fables ... and still the less do they understand ... and they write nonsense on vellum ... and still be doing, never done." (Contra Celsum ["Against Celsus"], Origen of Alexandria, c. 251, Bk I, p. lxvii, Bk III, p. xliv, passim)

These pagan “preachers” invited to formulate the new religion at the Council of Nicaea were “rustic fellows teaching strange paradoxes” to the ignorant uncultured fools of that day at pagan fairs and markets in Rome. These men were not the mighty men of Yahuah and descendants of Abraham/Isaac/Jacob. No, these men literally created “Christianity” from “fat old fables”.

The Catholic religion and its infinity of saints were created as a means of manipulation and business. It is a duty to make the truth known and the truth will set you free.

Thursday, March 20, 2025

8 plants you must have in your home to get rid of spiders and other pests

By Cate Misczuk

Don't chuck out old pickle jars. Here are 16 ways to upcycle them instead

By Leilah Stone

What your poop says about your health

By Georgia Sutherland

10 mistakes you are likely making with your aloe vera plant

By Jessica Jacobs

12 herbs you can grow with just water all year round

By Angela Brown

Don't dump out tires. Check out 15 ingenious ways to save them instead

By Stephanie Foo

5 houseplants that are low maintenance and almost impossible to kill

By Amanda Shiffler

Don't throw out those bottle caps. Here are 12 cool ways to use them

By Lillian Teague

7 easy ways to keep snakes out of the garden for good

By Jessica Jacobs

If you're a woman with chin whiskers, pay attention. Here's what it means

By Cate Misczuk

Place a curtain rod inside your kitchen cupboard for a space-saving trick you'll wish you knew about years ago

By Cate Misczuk

Stop throwing out silica gel packets. Here are 10 nifty uses

By Angela Brown

house plants

11 best smelling houseplants to make your home smell amazing

Georgia Lynn

Contributing Writer

Houseplants have long been cherished for their ability to bring a touch of nature indoors, but beyond their aesthetic appeal, many houseplants also offer delightful fragrances that can transform the ambiance of your home. Fragrant houseplants not only add beauty but also infuse your living space with natural scents that can evoke memories, enhance moods, and create a welcoming environment. In this article, we explore some of the best smelling houseplants that can make your home smell amazing.

Benefits of Having Fragrant Houseplants

Fragrant houseplants offer numerous benefits beyond their pleasant aromas. They can improve air quality by filtering out toxins and increasing humidity, which is particularly beneficial in dry indoor environments. The natural scents of these plants can also have therapeutic effects, such as reducing stress, enhancing relaxation, and improving sleep quality. Additionally, fragrant plants can act as natural air fresheners, eliminating the need for chemical-based products.

How to Choose the Right Scented Houseplant

When selecting a fragrant houseplant, consider factors such as the intensity of the scent, the plant's care requirements, and its compatibility with your home's environment. Some plants have strong, pervasive scents, while others offer subtle, delicate aromas. It's important to choose a plant that matches your personal scent preferences and complements the overall atmosphere of your home. Additionally, consider the plant's light, water, and temperature needs to ensure it thrives in your space.

1. Jasmine: The Sweet and Exotic Aroma

Jasmine is renowned for its sweet, exotic fragrance that can fill a room with its intoxicating scent. This plant thrives in bright, indirect light and requires regular watering to keep the soil moist. Jasmine's blooms are not only beautiful but also emit a powerful aroma that is often used in perfumes and aromatherapy for its calming effects.

2. Lavender: The Calming and Soothing Fragrance

Lavender is a popular choice for its calming and soothing properties. Its light purple flowers and silvery-green foliage add a touch of elegance to any room. Lavender prefers bright light and well-drained soil, and its fragrance is known to reduce anxiety and promote restful sleep, making it an excellent choice for bedrooms.

3. Gardenia: The Rich and Floral Scent

Gardenias are prized for their rich, floral scent and stunning white blooms. These plants require bright, indirect light and high humidity to thrive. Gardenias are often associated with romance and are a popular choice for creating a luxurious and inviting atmosphere in living spaces.

4. Eucalyptus: The Refreshing and Invigorating Smell

Eucalyptus is known for its refreshing and invigorating scent, which can clear the airways and provide a sense of rejuvenation. This plant prefers bright light and well-drained soil. Its aromatic leaves can be used in various ways, such as in homemade potpourri or as a natural air freshener.

5. Citrus: The Zesty and Uplifting Fragrance

Citrus plants, such as lemon and orange trees, offer a zesty and uplifting fragrance that can energize any space. These plants require plenty of sunlight and regular watering. The scent of citrus is often associated with cleanliness and freshness, making it a great choice for kitchens and bathrooms.

6. Mint: The Cool and Refreshing Aroma

Mint is an easy-to-grow herb that emits a cool and refreshing aroma. It thrives in bright, indirect light and requires regular watering. Mint's scent is invigorating and can help improve focus and concentration. Additionally, mint leaves can be used in cooking and beverages for added flavor.

7. Rosemary: The Herbaceous and Woody Scent

Rosemary is a versatile herb with a herbaceous and woody scent that is both stimulating and grounding. It prefers bright light and well-drained soil. Rosemary's aroma is known to enhance memory and concentration, making it a great addition to home offices or study areas.

8. Orchids: The Delicate and Subtle Fragrance

Orchids are known for their delicate and subtle fragrance, which varies among different species. These elegant plants require bright, indirect light and high humidity. Orchids add a touch of sophistication to any room and their gentle scent can create a serene and peaceful environment.

9. Hoya: The Sweet and Honey-Like Aroma

Hoya, also known as the wax plant, produces clusters of star-shaped flowers with a sweet, honey-like aroma. It thrives in bright, indirect light and requires minimal watering. Hoya's unique scent and attractive foliage make it a popular choice for indoor gardens.

10. Scented Geraniums: The Varied and Pleasant Smell

Scented geraniums offer a wide range of fragrances, from rose and lemon to mint and spice. These plants prefer bright light and well-drained soil. Their leaves release fragrance when touched, making them interactive and engaging houseplants that add a pleasant aroma to any room.

11. Tea Rose Begonia: The Soft and Rosy Fragrance

Tea Rose Begonia is a charming plant with a soft, rosy fragrance that is reminiscent of traditional roses. It thrives in bright, indirect light and requires regular watering. This begonia's delicate scent and attractive blooms make it a lovely addition to any indoor space.

Tips for Caring for Fragrant Houseplants

To ensure your fragrant houseplants thrive, provide them with the appropriate light, water, and humidity levels. Regularly check the soil moisture and avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Prune plants as needed to encourage healthy growth and remove any dead or damaged leaves. Additionally, consider using natural fertilizers to promote blooming and enhance the plant's fragrance.

Conclusion: Enhancing Your Home with Natural Scents

Incorporating fragrant houseplants into your home is a natural and effective way to enhance your living environment. These plants not only provide visual beauty but also fill your space with delightful aromas that can uplift your mood and promote well-being. By choosing the right plants and providing proper care, you can enjoy the many benefits of fragrant houseplants and create a home that smells amazing.

pickle Masada

INDIAN PICKLE MASALA

If you are a pickle lover this recipe is just for you

Here’s a quick pickle masala recipe This measurement is for 1 kg of pickle.

Ingredients:

Yellow Mustard Seeds (Pili Sarson) 4 tbsp

Fenugreek seeds (Methi Dana) 2 tbsp

Fennel seeds (Saunf) 2 tbsp

Cumin seeds (Jeera) 2 tbsp

Coriander seeds (Dhaniya) 2 tbsp

Black Peppercorns (Kali Mirch) 1 Tsp

Nigella seeds (Kalonji) 1 tbsp

Carrom seeds (Ajwain) 1 Tbsp

Turmeric powder (Haldi) 1 tsp

Red chili powder (Lal Mirch) 2-3 tbsp

Asafoetida (Hing) 1/2 tsp

Salt (Namak) 3-3 tbsp

Method:

Dry roast all the whole seeds (mustard, fenugreek, fennel, cumin, coriander, carom, and nigella) in a pan on low heat until aromatic about 2-3 minutes. Do not to burn them.

Let the roasted seeds cool down, then grind them coarsely using a grinder. Mortar and pestle can also to used to coarsely crush them.

Mix the ground spice powder with turmeric powder, red chili powder, asafoetida, and salt.

Adjust the salt and chili powder based on your taste.

Dry pickle masala is now ready to be added to your pickle mixture.

Add mustard oil (Heat the oil then cool it completely)over the prepared pickle.

This masala is best for most of types of pickles like mango, lemon, or mixed vegetable pickles.

pickle Masada

INDIAN PICKLE MASALA

If you are a pickle lover this recipe is just for you

Here’s a quick pickle masala recipe This measurement is for 1 kg of pickle.

Ingredients:

Yellow Mustard Seeds (Pili Sarson) 4 tbsp

Fenugreek seeds (Methi Dana) 2 tbsp

Fennel seeds (Saunf) 2 tbsp

Cumin seeds (Jeera) 2 tbsp

Coriander seeds (Dhaniya) 2 tbsp

Black Peppercorns (Kali Mirch) 1 Tsp

Nigella seeds (Kalonji) 1 tbsp

Carrom seeds (Ajwain) 1 Tbsp

Turmeric powder (Haldi) 1 tsp

Red chili powder (Lal Mirch) 2-3 tbsp

Asafoetida (Hing) 1/2 tsp

Salt (Namak) 3-3 tbsp

Method:

Dry roast all the whole seeds (mustard, fenugreek, fennel, cumin, coriander, carom, and nigella) in a pan on low heat until aromatic about 2-3 minutes. Do not to burn them.

Let the roasted seeds cool down, then grind them coarsely using a grinder. Mortar and pestle can also to used to coarsely crush them.

Mix the ground spice powder with turmeric powder, red chili powder, asafoetida, and salt.

Adjust the salt and chili powder based on your taste.

Dry pickle masala is now ready to be added to your pickle mixture.

Add mustard oil (Heat the oil then cool it completely)over the prepared pickle.

This masala is best for most of types of pickles like mango, lemon, or mixed vegetable pickles.

baking soda

Baking soda is a gardener’s best friend: here are 10 clever uses in the garden.

1. Natural Fungicide: Mix baking soda with water and liquid soap to spray on plants and combat fungal diseases like powdery mildew.

2. Weed Killer: Directly apply baking soda on garden weeds to kill them without harming surrounding plants.

3. Pest Deterrent: A mixture of baking soda and flour can deter pests like cabbage worms and aphids when dusted on plants.

4. Soil Amendment: Baking soda can be used to neutralize overly acidic soil, improving the environment for plant growth.

5. Tomato Sweetener: Sprinkle baking soda around tomato plants to decrease soil acidity, resulting in sweeter tomatoes.

6. Compost Enhancer: Speed up the composting process by making the environment more alkaline with baking soda.

7. Odor Absorber: Neutralize odors in areas like compost bins by sprinkling baking soda.

8. Tool Cleaner: Clean gardening tools by scrubbing them with a baking soda paste to remove dirt and rust.

9. Seed Germination: Enhance seed germination by soaking seeds in a baking soda solution before planting.

10. Ant Repellent: Deter ants by creating barriers with baking soda around plants or ant trails.